The Three Types Of Impulse Turbine Engineering Essay

The Three Types Of Impulse Turbine plan EssayA turbine is a rotary engine that extracts dynamism from a silver-tongued or air period of time. The simplest turbines have one miserable part, a rotor coil assembly, which is a shaft with stains where the base fluid acts on the blades, or the blades react to the flow, so that they rotate and impart skill to the rotor. Examples of early turbines ar windmills and water system wheels. Turbines usually have a casing somewhat the blades that contains and controls the running(a) fluid. Working fluid contains energising scarceton ( speed head) and potential energy ( impel head) and these functional fluids may be compressible or incompressible. A compressor or center is a device similar to a turbine but operating in reverse.The turbines produce almost all electric strength on Earth. close to jet engines rely on turbines to supply mechanical work from their running(a) fluid and fuel as do all nuclear ships and agent plants. Air craft engines similarly ingestion the turbine powered by their exhaust to rebuff an intake-air compressor, a configuration known as a turbocharger (turbine supercharger). Turbines could also be apply as powering system for a remote controlled trim that creates thrust and lifts the plane of the ground. They are as meek as soda can, yet silence strong enough to move objects with a weight of 100kg.THE TURBINE PROCESSIf broad(prenominal)- fastness locomote is blown on to a curved blade and the locomote steering changes as it passes across the blade. The steam volition impart a force to the blade as a result of its change in direction across the blade. Now if the blades were free, it would move off in the direction of the force. The principle of steam turbine is where a number of blades were strict around the electric circuit of a disc and the disc is free to rotate on a shaft. Steam is past blown across the blades which cause the disc rotates. To subjoin the rigidity of the blades, the top of the blades are connected together. By means of the horns, the high cart steam is made to give up some of its energy to produce a large increase in kinetic energy of the steam. The steam therefrom leaves the nozzles at a high swiftness. It passes from the nozzles over the blades and thus the turbine disc rotates. The power is then generated at the shaft. The number of nozzles which are in use act as a load to the turbine and so the higher(prenominal) the load requires that more steam must be employ to actualise the load. at that placefore, more nozzles are put into the used.The turbine described is a simple turbine which is also known as de Laval turbine. This type of turbine usually rotates at a genuinely high belt along and this high speed will produce a centrifugal force. This turbine is usually small in size and, hence produces small power output. Due to the high speed of rotation, a direct drive between drive between the turbine disc and extraneou s equipment is not more often than not possible. For this reason, a reduction gear box is installed between and turbines of the turbine disc and external equipment.A problem in steam turbine development has been to reduce the speed of rotation and at the same time to make full use of the energy in the steam, thus larger size and higher power output is produce. there are two basic types of turbines which is the impulse turbine and the response turbine.THE whim TURBINESThese turbines change the direction of flow of a high focal ratio fluid jet and the resulting impulse spins the turbine and leaves the fluid flow with diminished kinetic energy. The obligate in the fluid of the turbine rotor blades mud constant. Before stretching the turbine the fluids pressure head is changed to f number head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. Impulse turbines do not require a pressure casement around the runner since the fluid jet is prepared by a nozzle prior to r separatelying turbine . The transfer of energy for impulse turbines uses the Newtons indorsement law. There are three different types of impulse turbines which are the speeding deepen turbine mash heighten turbine pressure- upper compounding turbineTHE REACTION TURBINESThese turbines develop torque by reacting to the fluids pressure or weight. The pressure of the fluid changes as it passes through the turbine rotor blades. The reaction turbines require a pressure casement to contain the working fluid as it acts on the turbine stage or the turbine must be in full immersed in the fluid flow (wind turbines). The casing contains and directs the working fluid and, for water turbines, maintains the suction imparted by the draft tube. Multiple turbine stages may be used to harness the expanding gas efficiently for compressible working fluids. The transfer of energy in the reaction turbine uses the Newtons 3rd law.Purple Moving bladesBlue VelocityRed PressureB wranglen Fixed bladesTHE VELOCITY COMPOUNDI NG TURBINE IN IMPULSE TURBINESSteam is expanded in a single haggle or nozzles in this type of turbine. The high hurrying steam sledding the nozzles passes on the first haggle of the pitiful blades where its speeding is moreover part reduced. Then, the steam leaving the first speech of moving blades passes into a wrangle of fixed blades mounted in the turbine casing and this row of fixed blades serves to airt the steam back to the direction of motion such that it is suitable for entering to the second row of moving blades. The steam velocity reduces partly in the second row of the moving blades. A long-playing turbine is resulted callable to only part of the velocity of the steam is used up in each row of the blades.Blue VelocityRed PressureGreen snootPurple Moving bladesTHE PRESSURE COMPOUNDING TURBINE IN IMPULSE TURBINESThe steam enters a row of nozzles where its pressure is only partially reduced and its velocity is increased in this type of turbine. The high vel ocity steam passes to a row of moving blades where its velocity is reduced. The pressure is again partially reduced and its velocity is again increased when the steam passes into a second row of nozzles. The high velocity steam is then passed to a second row of moving blades where its velocity is again reduced. Next, the steam then passes into a third row of nozzles and so on. every pressure drops occur in the nozzles but the pressure remain constant in each turbine stage. The turbine run slower since steam velocities will not be so high due to only part of the pressure drop occurs in each stage. All stages, however, are coupled to the same shaft, with the result that there is no deprivation of output.Green Nozzle Purple Moving bladesTHE PRESSURE-VELOCITY COMPOUNDING TURBINE IN IMPULSE TURBINEA combination of the pressure compounding turbine and the velocity compounding turbine will give a pressure-velocity compounding turbine. In this type of turbine, the steam is partially exp anded in a row of nozzles where its velocity is increased. The steam then enters a few rows of velocity compounding turbine and then to a second row of nozzles where its velocity increases. The steam then enters another few rows of velocity compounding turbine and so on. All the pressure at the nozzles decreases.Generally, the diameter from the intake to the exhaust increases in all multistage turbines. This is because the specific volume increases as the pressure of steam falls. A greater area will be necessary to pass the steam for continuity of mass flow and this can be done by either increase the diameter of the turbine discs or increasing the height of the blades. A greater area will be unavoidable to pass the steam in order to preserve the mass flow if there is depreciation in velocity.Blue VelocityRed PressureGreen NozzleBrown Fixed bladesPurple Moving bladesDIFFERENCES OF THE TURBINESThere are many differences that can be stated between the 3 types of impulse turbin e. The 3 types of impulse turbine are theVelocity compoundingPressure compoundingPressure-velocity compoundingThe differences between these turbines can be classified in terms ofStructure of the turbineThe process of the turbineThe pressure change in the turbineThe velocity change in the turbineStructure of the turbineThe construction of the velocity compounding turbine is it consists of a turbine then to a moving blade and a fixed blade. The complex body part then continues with a second row of moving and fixed blades. The structure of the pressure compounding turbine is it starts from a turbine and then to a moving blade then to a second row of turbine and moving blades and so on. withal that, the structure of the pressure-velocity compounding turbine is the combine of both of the structure of the velocity compounding turbine and pressure compounding turbine.The process of the turbinesHigh velocity steam from the nozzles passes thru the moving blades then to the fixed blade and the second row of moving and fixed blade in the velocity compounding turbine. In the pressure velocity turbine, the high velocity steam from the nozzles passes thru a moving blades and the low velocity of steam enters another turbine and then to a second row of moving blades and so on. Whereas in the pressure-velocity compounding turbine, the steam from the turbine enters a row of moving blades then a fixed blade and then another row of moving blades. The steam finally then enters another turbine and the process is repeated.The pressure change in the turbineThe pressure in the velocity compounding turbine remains constant throughout. In the pressure compounding turbine, the pressure decreases partially when it passes the rows of turbine. Furthermore, the pressure in the pressure-velocity compounding decreases partially then it passes thru the row or turbine and remains constant until the second row of turbine where the pressure decreases partially again.The velocity in the turbine The steam velocity reduces partially in the rows of the moving blades in the velocity compounding turbine. A slower turbine is resulted due to only part of the velocity of the steam is used up in each row of the blades. Whereas in the pressure compounding, the velocity decreases partially when its pass thru the blades but increases back when whirl the nozzles. Finally, in the pressure-velocity compounding turbine, the velocity decreases in the turbine and remains constant when fugacious the blades. The velocity is again decreased when passes thru a second row of turbine. cultivationThe steam turbine has greatly improved the energy conversation in our routine lives. There are still future developments oh the steam turbines in order to improve efficiency. Development are now developing turbine which requires a small input but produces a bigger output.